Ayurveda

Plants important in Ayurveda

Species name	Common name	Common hindi name	Plant medicinal part	General ailment types treated	Medicinal active compound	Medicinal active compound details
Acacia concinna	Soap pod	शिकाकाई Shikakai	Leaves Fruit	Infectious diseases Organ-specific disorders
Acacia nilotica	Arabic Gum, Black Piquant, Egyptian thorn, Prickly acacia	बबूल Babool,कीकर Kikar	Root Bark Leaves Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases
Acacia sinuata	Piquant Sappan	Shikakai		Infectious diseases Organ-specific disorders
Achillea millefolium	Common Yarrow, Gordaldo, Nosebleed plant, Old man's pepper, Devil's nettle, Sanguinary, Milfoil, Soldier's woundwort, Thousand-leaf, Thousand-seal.	Gandrain, Puthkanda, भूतकॆशी Bhut Kesi			Achilline
Acorus calamus	Sweet Flag, calamus, flagroot, sweet cane, sweet grass, sweetroot, sweet rush	बच Bach, घोरबच Ghorbach, सफ़ेद बच Safed bach		Pains and Inflammation Mental disorders
Allium sativum	Cultivated Garlic	लेह्सन Lehsan		Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Systemic disorders Cancer
Aloe vera	Aloe vera, Medicinal aloe, Burn plant	Gheekumari घीकुमारी
Anacyclus pyrethrum	Pellitory, Spanish chamomile, Mount Atlas daisy		Root Leaves Fruit
Andrographis paniculata			Fruit	Pains and Inflammation
Artocarpus heterophyllus	Jackfruit	कटहल	Leaves Fruit	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders
Azadirachta indica	Neem	नीम Neem	Root Stem Bark Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer	Azadirachtin Beta-Sitosterol Kaempferol Quercitin Myricetin Nimbidin	While the chemicals from Neem oil are known, their molecular basis of action is still unknown. Over 700 medicinal preparations have been described in ethnobotanical medicinal systems using Neem. Several sterols and terpenoids have been found in different parts of the Neem plant. Beta-Sitosterol, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, MYRICETIN present in the flower and leaf, Azadirachtin, NIMBIDIN present in the seed and stem bark have medicinal values, along with several other chemicals cited in the references. These chemicals can be extracted in the Neem oil, obtained from seed and fruit of the plant.
Barleria prionitis	Porcupine flower	वज्राद्नती Vajradanti	Root Leaves Flower	Infectious diseases Accidents Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Organ-specific disorders	Indoid glycosides Barlerin Verbascoside	Indoid glycosides, Barlerin, Verbascoside from flower have potent activity against respiratory syntial virus, which may account for the plant's use in fever and respiratory diseases.
Boerhavia diffusa	Red hogweed, Tar Vine, Red Spiderling, Wineflower	Punarnava, Satha	Root Leaves	Common ailments Organ-specific disorders	>>This plant contains a large number of compounds like flavonoids alkaloids steroids triterpenoids lipids lignins. >>Other molecules isolated and studied from this plant are > Punarnavine (Agarwal and Dutt 1936; Basu et al. 1947; Surange and Pendse 1972) >Boeravinone A.F (Kadota et al. 1989; Lami et al. 1990; 1992) >Hypoxanthine 9-L-arabinofuranoside (Ahmad and Hossain 1968) >Ursolic acid (Mishra and Tiwari 1971) >Punarnavoside (Jain and Khanna 1989) >Liirodendrin (Aftab et al. 1996)	‘Punarnavoside’ found in roots of B. diffusa is a new antifibrinolytic compound.
Boswellia serrata	Indian Olibanum	Kundur, Luban, Salai	Bark Other	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation		Stem bark - lupeol and b-sitostrol Root bark - naphthalene derivatives 'semigossypol' (related to gossypol thetoxic principle of cotton seed) Flowers - b-sitosterol, kaempherol and quercetin
Calotropis procera	Rubber bush, apple of Sodom	Aak आक, Mudar मुदर		Pains and Inflammation Common ailments
Cedrus deodara	Deodar Cedar	देओदार	Bark	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Cancer	Himalayan Cedarwood Oil contains two major sesquiterpenoids a - and ß- himachalenes1. Deodarone2 and deodardione3 are also isolated from the essential oil.	Lignan extract of stem wood of Cedrus deodara consisted of (-)-wikstromal (75-79%), (-)-matairesinol (9-13%) and benzylbutyrolactol (7-11%) and was studied for its in vitro cytotoxcity against human cancer cell lines.
Cinnamomum tamala	Indian Bay Leaf, Indian cassia, Indian cassia bark, Tamala cassia, Malabar Leaf	तेजपत्ता tejpatta	Leaves	Infectious diseases Common ailments Systemic disorders
Crocus sativus	Saffron	केसर Kesar	Other	Pains and Inflammation Mental disorders Cancer	picrocrocin a β-D-glucoside of hydroxysafranal crocins safranal. Zeaxanthin lycopene
Curcuma longa	Common Turmeric	हल्दी Haldi	Root Rhizome Leaves	Infectious diseases Accidents Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer	Curcumin Curcumin derivatives Turmeronol Curcumerone Turmerone stigmasterol ß-sitosterol anthraquinone	Curcumin is the active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy.Curcumin has a surprisingly wide range of beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity. The pleiotropic activities of curcumin derive from its complex chemistry as well as its ability to influence multiple signaling pathways, including survival pathways such as those regulated by NF-κB, Akt, and growth factors; cytoprotective pathways dependent on Nrf2; and metastatic and angiogenic pathways. Curcumin is a free radical scavenger and hydrogen donor, and exhibits both pro- and antioxidant activity. It also binds metals, particularly iron and copper, and can function as an iron chelator. Curcumin is remarkably non-toxic and exhibits limited bioavailability. Curcumin exhibits great promise as a therapeutic agent, and is currently in human clinical trials for a variety of conditions, including multiple myeloma, pancreatic cancer, myelodysplastic syndromes, colon cancer, psoriasis and Alzheimer’s disease.
Curcuma zedoaria	White turmeric, Zedoary	जंगली हऴदी Jangli Haldi
Cyperus rotundus	Common Nut Sedge, Coco grass, Nutgrass, Purple nutsedge	बड़ा नागर मोथा Bara-nagar-motha, कोरेही झाड़ Korehi-jhar, मोथा Motha
Daucus carota	Wild carrot, Bird's nest, Bishop's lace, Queen Anne's lace	गाजर Gajar
Eclipta prostrata				Infectious diseases Common ailments Organ-specific disorders
Elettaria cardamomum	Cardamom, Green cardamom	इलाएची Elaichi	Fruit Seeds			Most of the active compounds come from the volatile Cardamom oil, which varies from 6 to 10% of the mature seed weight.
Embelia ribes	Embelia, False Black Pepper, False Pepper	Vayavidnag, Baberang		Infectious diseases
Equisetum ramosissimum	Branched Horsetail			Infectious diseases Accidents Systemic disorders
Eucalyptus globulus	Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum, Blue Gum
Garcinia cambogia	Gamboge tree
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Cultivated Liquorice, Sweetwood	मुलेठी Mulethi	Root Leaves	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis	Hibiscus, Chinese hibiscus	गुढ़ल Gurhal	Root Leaves Flower		Flavonoids Flavonoid glycosides Hibiscetin Cyanidine Cyanidin glucosides Taraxeryl acetate β-sitosterol Campesterol Stigmasterol Ergosterol Citric tartaric and oxalic acids Cyclopropenoids Anthocyanin
Hiptage benghalensis	Hiptage, Helicopter flower	माधवी लता Madhavi Lata, अतिमुक्त Atimukta	Root Bark Flower	Nutritional deficiencies Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders
Hygrophila auriculata	Hygrophila, Temple plant, Marsh Barbel	तालीम ख़ाना Talim Khana	Root Leaves Seeds	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Organ-specific disorders		High concentration of Potassium and mucilage are two of active components.
Ipomoea digitata	Giant potato	Bilaikand
Jasminum officinale	Common Jasmine, Poet's Jasmine, Spanish Jasmine	चमेली Chameli
Madhuca longifolia	Mahua	महुआ Mahua		Infectious diseases Accidents Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders
Mangifera indica	Mango	आम Am	Stem Bark Leaves Flower Other	Infectious diseases Nutritional deficiencies Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders
Mesua ferrea	Cobra saffron, Ceylon ironwood, Indian rose chestnut	नाग चम्पा Nag champa, नागकेसर Nagkesar	Root Leaves Flower Seeds
Mimusops elengi	Spanish cherry, Bullet wood	बकुल Bakul, मौलसरी Maulsari	Stem Bark Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Organ-specific disorders	Alkaloids tannin saponins taraxerone taraxerol ursolic acid betulinic acid α-spinosterol β-sitosterol querrcitol lupeol isoretronecyl tigalate triterpenoid saponins steroidal saponin
Nelumbo nucifera	Water Lily, Lotus, Sacred Lotus, East Indian Lotus	कमल Kamal	Root Rhizome Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds Other	Infectious diseases Common ailments Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders		Quercetin, Luteolin, their glycoside derivatives and kaempferol glycoside are obtained from flowers and leaves. Leaves also contain benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline, aporphine and 6a, 7-dehydroaporphine type of alkaloids. Thus basesroemerine, nuciferine, anonaine, pronuciferine, N-nor-nuciferine, liriodenine, nor-nuciferine, armepavine, N-methylcoclaurine, dehydronuciferine, dehydroroemerine, dehydroanomaine and N-methylisococlaurine have been obtained from the leaves, seed oil consisted mainly of linoleic, linolenic, palmitic acid oleic acid, with a small quantity of myristic acid.
Nymphaea stellata	Blue water lily, Red and blue water lily', Blue star water lily, Star lotus	Neelkamal नीलकमल
Ocimum tenuiflorum	Holy Basil, Indian Basil	तुलसी Tulsi	Leaves Seeds	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders
Phyllanthus emblica	Indian Gooseberry, Amla	आमला Amla	Root Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Nutritional deficiencies Common ailments	Ascorbic acid Tannins Phyllemblin Curcuminoids Linolenic acid
Piper longum	Long Pepper	पिपली Pipli
Rauvolfia serpentina	Indian snakeroot, Serpentine wood	सर्पगंधा Sarpagandha	Root Stem Leaves	Infectious diseases Systemic disorders	Ajmaline Deserpidine Rescinnamine Serpentinine Reserpine Ajmalicine Isoajmaline Ajmalinine Chandrine Rauwolfinine Renoxidine Rescin-namine Reserpiline sarpagine tetraphyllicine yohimbine 3-epi-a-yohimbine Strychnine
Santalum album	Indian Sandalwood, White Sandalwood	चन्दन Chandan
Saraca indica	Ashoka	अशोक Ashok	Bark Flower	Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Cancer	Flavanoids
Sesamum indicum	Sesame	Gingli, Til	Flower Seeds Other	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders	sesamin sesamolin sesamol and sesaminol(phenolic antioxidants) chlorosesamone (2-chloro- 5 8-dihydroxy-3-3methyl-2-butenyl)-1 4- naphthoquinone) sesamolinol diglucoside Anthrasesamones A B and C
Syzygium aromaticum	Clove	लवंग Lavang
Syzygium cumini	Java plum, Jamun	जामुन Jamun
Tinospora cordifolia	Gulbel, Indian Tinospora	गिलोय Giloy, गुलांचा Gulancha, गुलबेल Gulbel		Organ-specific disorders
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