Northeastern Himalayas

Plants found in Northeastern Himalayas

A total of 25 plants in the Brahma Database are found in Northeastern Himalayas.

Species name	Common name	Common hindi name	Habitat details
Acacia concinna	Soap pod	शिकाकाई Shikakai	Rain forest, disturbed forest, open grassland, fields, creek sides, in open areas often a sprawling shrub; also recorded from limestone; altitude 50-1050 m
Acrostichum aureum	Golden leatherfern, Mangrove fern		The plants usually prefer brackish and saline marshes, in mangrove forests. Sunderbans is thus a perfect habitat for them. However they cannot tolerate flooding (Naturia) They are occasionally found in freshwater swamps, marshes and around lakes. However, it is only the sporophyte that can grow in high soil salinity, the gametophyte cannot tolerate as much salt.(Li) Among the first large low-growing plants to grow on the landward side of the mangrove, the fern provides shade for other plants and trees to take root. But on cleared mangroves, it can form impenetrable thickets which prevents other plants from taking root. Thus it is often considered a weed. For animals, these thickets provide safety and shelter. Birds such as the Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea) make their nests in these thickets. (Naturia)
Alpinia allughas	Tara	Tara (Bengali)	This plant grows along banks of streams, canals and rivers. It is found in forests, marshy tracts, swamps and also in tea gardens
Azadirachta indica	Neem	नीम Neem	Mainly a tropical and subtropical species, it grows mainly in low-lying areas and wooded areas in India and Sri Lanka. Neem is known to grow well under less water availability and thus is a hardy species. The species has been naturalized now in several other countries like Indonesia and Australia. The plant is found growing along road sides, near temples, wooded areas, forest edges, gardens, deciduous forests etc.
Azolla pinnata	Mosquito fern, Duckweed fern, Fairy moss, Water fern		A. pinnata is a wetland, aquatic species. found freely floating on water, in inundated rice fields, canals and ponds. Azolla cannot survive winters with prolonged freezing, so is often grown as an ornamental plant at high latitudes where it cannot establish itself firmly enough to become a weed. It is not tolerant to salinity; normal plants can't survive in greater than 1-1.6‰, and even conditioned organisms die in over 5.5% salinity. Other Azolla species are also serious weeds in many parts of the world, entirely covering some bodies of water. The myth that no mosquito can penetrate the coating of fern to lay its eggs in the water gives the plant its common name "mosquito fern".
Catharanthus roseus	Tiny Periwinkle, Vinca	सदाबहार Sadabaha	Of the eight species of Catharanthus, seven are endemic to Madagascar and the one - C. roseus - is also found in India. This unlikely coincidence is probably because India and Madagascar were joined in the Pangaea before the movement of continents. C. roseus grows best in warm climates and is hardy with respect to its nutritional and water requirements. Madagascar periwinkle is a tolerant plant that can become established in a variety of tropical and subtropical habitats. In Madagascar, the plant’s native home, it has been collected in open woods, shrublands, grasslands, and disturbed areas, along roadsides, and on beaches and limestone rocks. It is found from sea level to 900 m altitude, on a variety of substrates.
Cedrus deodara	Deodar Cedar	देओदार	The `cedar' is commonly gregarious at altitudes from 2000‑3000 m.
Ceratopteris pteridoides	Floating antlerfern		Aquatic to semiaquatic; in swamps, bogs, canals, ponds, lakes, ditches, marshes; 0--25 m. In India, it is found in fish ponds, water reservoirs and in rice fields. It may be more widely distributed in India and the other specimens may have been mis-identified as C. thalictroides Considered native to the Old World (not clear whether India)
Cinnamomum tamala	Indian Bay Leaf, Indian cassia, Indian cassia bark, Tamala cassia, Malabar Leaf	तेजपत्ता tejpatta
Hiptage benghalensis	Hiptage, Helicopter flower	माधवी लता Madhavi Lata, अतिमुक्त Atimukta	The plant is naturalized and cultivated in some regions. It grows in damp places. Needs presence of other trees in vicinity.
Mangifera indica	Mango	आम Am
Marsilea minuta	Dwarf waterclover, Small waterclover	चौपतिरा Chaupatira	Shallow pools, river edges, Canals, ditches, rice fields. Most abundant in temporarily flooded places where it may form large and dense colonies which can become locally dominant. TOLERATES CONSIDERABLE ORGANIC POLLUTION. Sporocarps develop as water recedes.
Mesua ferrea	Cobra saffron, Ceylon ironwood, Indian rose chestnut	नाग चम्पा Nag champa, नागकेसर Nagkesar
Microsorum pteropus	Java fern		The plant usually grows as a rheophyte on the edges of mountain streams, but some ecotypes can grow completely underwater. The species is native to Tropical Asia, whether India is not clear.
Murraya exotica	Chinese box, Orange Jasmine	Kamini कामिनी	The native range is China, India, Sri Lanka and other regions in South East Asia. It is a tropical species and has also been naturalized in many locations such as Puerto Rico. Some authors consider M. paniculata and M. exotica as separate species, but they have been identified in the Species 2000 list as synonyms. The plant is highly adapted to many environments and can grow from sea level to 1300m. Grows on soils derived from both sedimentary and igneous rocks, although it may prefer limestone areas. Plants are hardy and survive at temperatures upto -4C.
Nelumbo nucifera	Water Lily, Lotus, Sacred Lotus, East Indian Lotus	कमल Kamal	Rooted hydrophyte. The plant has firm roots in the mud and flowers out of the water surface. Hence it needs shallow water bodies to grow. It grows in permanent water bodies,small ponds and shallow areas of lakes and rivers, upto altitudes of 400m. The plant adds to the dissolved oxygen in water and thus is important for the health of the flora and fauna in the water bodies. It also provides solid substrate and shade for its cohabitants. The plant is also found abundantly in China and other East Asian countries, where also it is highly culturally integrated. It is possible that the locus of origin of Nelumbo nucifera is the sub-Himalayan region.
Ocimum tenuiflorum	Holy Basil, Indian Basil	तुलसी Tulsi	This plant is found all across India in a wide range of habitats. In the Himalayas, it is found upto 1800m altitude. Tulsi generally prefers moist soils.
Phlogacanthus curviflorus	Wild Nongmangkha	NA
Phyllanthus emblica	Indian Gooseberry, Amla	आमला Amla	The tree is commonly found in deciduous forests in India, upto 4500ft in the hilly regions.
Rauvolfia serpentina	Indian snakeroot, Serpentine wood	सर्पगंधा Sarpagandha	Forests, Evergreen and deciduous forests, slopes of ghats, open areas, undergrowth in semi-evergreen forests, cultivated fields and plains.
Terminalia chebula	Chebulic Myrobalan, Myrobalan	हर्रा Harra, हरड़ Harad
Zingiber capitatum	Wild Ginger	जंगली अदरक Jangali adrak
Zingiber chrysanthum	Golden flowered ginger
Zingiber officinale	Garden ginger	अदरक Adrak	Ginger probably originated as part of the ground flora of tropical lowland forests, where many of its wild relatives can still be found. In cultivation it requires hot, humid, shady conditions and grows best in a fertile loam as it needs large quantities of nutrients.
Zingiber rubens	Bengal Ginger