Modern Medicine

Plants important in Modern Medicine

Species name	Common name	Common hindi name	Plant medicinal part	General ailment types treated	Medicinal active compound	Medicinal active compound details
Allium sativum	Cultivated Garlic	लेह्सन Lehsan		Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Common ailments Systemic disorders Cancer
Azadirachta indica	Neem	नीम Neem	Root Stem Bark Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer	Azadirachtin Beta-Sitosterol Kaempferol Quercitin Myricetin Nimbidin	While the chemicals from Neem oil are known, their molecular basis of action is still unknown. Over 700 medicinal preparations have been described in ethnobotanical medicinal systems using Neem. Several sterols and terpenoids have been found in different parts of the Neem plant. Beta-Sitosterol, KAEMPFEROL, QUERCETIN, MYRICETIN present in the flower and leaf, Azadirachtin, NIMBIDIN present in the seed and stem bark have medicinal values, along with several other chemicals cited in the references. These chemicals can be extracted in the Neem oil, obtained from seed and fruit of the plant.
Crocus sativus	Saffron	केसर Kesar	Other	Pains and Inflammation Mental disorders Cancer	picrocrocin a β-D-glucoside of hydroxysafranal crocins safranal. Zeaxanthin lycopene
Eucalyptus globulus	Tasmanian Blue Gum, Southern Blue Gum, Blue Gum
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Cultivated Liquorice, Sweetwood	मुलेठी Mulethi	Root Leaves	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders Cancer
Jasminum officinale	Common Jasmine, Poet's Jasmine, Spanish Jasmine	चमेली Chameli
Nelumbo nucifera	Water Lily, Lotus, Sacred Lotus, East Indian Lotus	कमल Kamal	Root Rhizome Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds Other	Infectious diseases Common ailments Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders		Quercetin, Luteolin, their glycoside derivatives and kaempferol glycoside are obtained from flowers and leaves. Leaves also contain benzyl tetrahydroisoquinoline, aporphine and 6a, 7-dehydroaporphine type of alkaloids. Thus basesroemerine, nuciferine, anonaine, pronuciferine, N-nor-nuciferine, liriodenine, nor-nuciferine, armepavine, N-methylcoclaurine, dehydronuciferine, dehydroroemerine, dehydroanomaine and N-methylisococlaurine have been obtained from the leaves, seed oil consisted mainly of linoleic, linolenic, palmitic acid oleic acid, with a small quantity of myristic acid.
Ocimum tenuiflorum	Holy Basil, Indian Basil	तुलसी Tulsi	Leaves Seeds	Infectious diseases Pains and Inflammation Systemic disorders Organ-specific disorders
Phyllanthus emblica	Indian Gooseberry, Amla	आमला Amla	Root Leaves Flower Fruit Seeds	Infectious diseases Nutritional deficiencies Common ailments	Ascorbic acid Tannins Phyllemblin Curcuminoids Linolenic acid
Syzygium cumini	Java plum, Jamun	जामुन Jamun
Tinospora cordifolia	Gulbel, Indian Tinospora	गिलोय Giloy, गुलांचा Gulancha, गुलबेल Gulbel		Organ-specific disorders
Zingiber capitatum	Wild Ginger	जंगली अदरक Jangali adrak
Zingiber officinale	Garden ginger	अदरक Adrak	Root Rhizome	Pains and Inflammation Organ-specific disorders Mental disorders Cancer	Zingeberene Zingeberol Gingerol Paradol Shogaol	Over 400 different compounds have been identified in Ginger. Several volatile oils and sesquiterpenes give ginger its characteristic aroma. Gingerol, Paradol, Shogaol have been proven in many drug tests to have apoptotic activity in mice. Effect of ginger extract on platelet aggregation, osteoarthritic pain relief, pregnancy-related nausea have been documented, but remain inconclusive.