Bos grunniens
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Species name: Bos grunniens
The yak (Bos grunniens), is a long-haired bovine found throughout the Himalayan region of south Central Asia, the Tibetan Plateau and as far north as Mongolia and Russia. In addition to a large domestic population, there is a small, vulnerable wild yak population. In the 1990's, a concerted effort was undertaken to help save the wild yak population. Domesticated yaks are kept primarily for their milk, fibre and meat, and as beasts of burden. Their dried dung is an important fuel, used all over Tibet, and is often the only fuel available on the high treeless Tibetan plateau. Yaks transport goods across mountain passes for local farmers and traders as well as for climbing and trekking expeditions. (Source:Wikipedia)
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Information from Encyclopedia of Life
Details filled in the form
- Species identity and nomenclature
- Current Wikipedia entry
- Binomial Classification
- Description and Morphology
- Habitat and Geographical Spread
- Maps
- Life history and ecology
- Conservation and Management
- Sociocultural significance
- Summary of PubMed articles
- Summary of NCBI molecular data
- External Links
- Images and Videos
| Parameter | Value(s) | References See complete references in the References section at the end |
|---|---|---|
| Names of users who have contributed to this species page | Gauravm | |
| Date on which this page was first created | 2011/03/17 | |
| This page was last modified on: | 17 March 2011 21:59:59 | |
| Name of the species | Bos grunniens Link to page on Wikipedia | |
| ID on Encyclopedia of Life | 328700 Link to page on EoL | |
| Synonyms | Please check Binomial Classification section for synonyms. | |
| Common English Names | Yak,Grunting ox | |
| Common Hindi Names | ||
| Common Indian names | ||
| Origins/Meanings of the common names | The English word "yak" derives from the Tibetan (Tibetan: གཡག་; Wylie: g.yag), or gyag – in Tibetan this refers only to the male of the species, the female being called a dri or nak. In English, as in most other languages which have borrowed the word, "yak" is usually used for both sexes. |
Taxonomy from Encyclopedia of Life
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Taxonomy filled in form
| Taxon | Value |
|---|---|
| Regnum (Kingdom) | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Artiodactyla |
| Family | Bovidae |
| Genus | Bos |
| Source of data | Catalogue of Life 2010 checklist |
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| Division | Taxon details | Taxon morphology details |
|---|---|---|
| Chordata | The phylum Chordata consists of three subphyla: Urochordata, represented by tunicates; Cephalochordata, represented by lancelets; and Craniata, which includes Vertebrata. Chordates are monophyletic, meaning that Chordata contains all and only the descendants of a single common ancestor which is itself a chordate, and that craniates' nearest relatives are cephalochordates. The Chordates arose from a more general superphylum Deuterostomia, which consists of Chordata, Hemichordata,Echinodermata and Xenoturbellida. The Deuterostomes split from Protostomes ~550 mya in the Cambrian era. It is supposed that Chordates arose in the Mid-Cambrian period, however there is controversy regarding that. The controversy arises mainly due to the fact that fossils of early chordates are very rare. | Chordates form a phylum of creatures that are based on a bilateral body plan, and is defined by having at some stage in their lives all of the following: 1) A notochord, 2) A dorsal neural tube 3) Pharyngeal slits 4) A muscular tail that extends backwards behind the anus and 5) An endostyle |
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| Class | Taxon details | Taxon morphology details |
|---|---|---|
| Mammalia | Depending on classification scheme, there are approximately 5,500 species (5,490, according to the IUCN Red List) of mammals, distributed in about 1,200 genera, 153 families, 29 orders The early synapsid mammalian ancestors, a group which included pelycosaurs such as Dimetrodon, diverged from the amniote line that would lead to reptiles at the end of the Carboniferous period. Although they were preceded by many diverse groups of non-mammalian synapsids (sometimes misleadingly referred to as mammal-like reptiles), the first true mammals appeared 220 million years ago in the Triassic period. | Mammals are a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterized by the (1) possession of hair, (2) three middle ear bones -malleus, incus and stapes, (3) a neocortex, and (4) mammary glands functional in mothers with young. Mammalian fossils, however, are identified by the presence of the incus and malleus bones in the middle ear. Most mammals also possess sweat glands and specialized teeth, and the largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during gestation. The mammalian brain regulates endothermic and circulatory systems, including a four-chambered heart. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 millimeter (1- to 1.5-inch) Bumblebee Bat to the 33-meter (108-foot) Blue Whale. (Source:Wikipedia) |
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| Family | Taxon details | Taxon morphology details |
|---|---|---|
| Bovidae | Almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae are called bovids. The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle. The largest number of modern bovids is found in Africa The bovid family is known through fossils from the early Miocene, around 20 million years ago. The earliest bovids, such as Eotragus, were small animals, somewhat similar to modern gazelles, and probably lived in woodland environments. The bovids rapidly diversified, and by the late Miocene had moved onto grassland habitats. | The largest bovid, the gaur, weighs well over a ton and stands 2.2 metres high at the shoulder; the smallest, the royal antelope, weighs about 3 kg and stands no taller than a large domestic cat. They occupy, and are adapted to, a wide variety of habitat types, from desert to tundra and from thick tropical forest to high mountains. Most members of the family are herbivorous. Many bovids have a solid, stocky build, complex digestive systems (four chambered stomach) and four toes on each foot. Additionally, males of most species have horns, which have been linked to sexual selection. |
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Based on classification
| Family | Taxon details | Taxon morphology details |
|---|---|---|
| Bovidae | Almost 140 species of cloven-hoofed mammals belonging to the family Bovidae are called bovids. The family is widespread, being native to Asia, Africa, Europe and North America, and diverse: members include bison, African buffalo, water buffalo, antelopes, gazelles, sheep, goats, muskoxen, and domestic cattle. The largest number of modern bovids is found in Africa The bovid family is known through fossils from the early Miocene, around 20 million years ago. The earliest bovids, such as Eotragus, were small animals, somewhat similar to modern gazelles, and probably lived in woodland environments. The bovids rapidly diversified, and by the late Miocene had moved onto grassland habitats. | The largest bovid, the gaur, weighs well over a ton and stands 2.2 metres high at the shoulder; the smallest, the royal antelope, weighs about 3 kg and stands no taller than a large domestic cat. They occupy, and are adapted to, a wide variety of habitat types, from desert to tundra and from thick tropical forest to high mountains. Most members of the family are herbivorous. Many bovids have a solid, stocky build, complex digestive systems (four chambered stomach) and four toes on each foot. Additionally, males of most species have horns, which have been linked to sexual selection. |
More details can be found in the Binomial Classification section.
Information from Encyclopedia of Life
{{#EoLOnlyEcology:328700|Physical description~Description}} If nothing is displayed above in this section, it means the EoL ID has not been defined OR the EoL API service is down. If former, please click on Edit with form button on top and follow the instructions for filling in the EoL ID
General morphology
| Parameter | Value(s) | References See complete references in the References section at the end |
|---|---|---|
| General morphological features of the animal |
| Parameter | Value(s) | References See complete references in the References section at the end |
|---|---|---|
| IUCN Conservation Status | Vulnerable (See section External Links to find link to the page on IUCN website) |
IUCN Red List |
| Indian States in which the species has been documented | ||
| Locations at which the species has been documented | ||
| Biotic zones inhabited | ||
| Details about the habitat | ||
| Is this species native to India? | ||
| Is the species indigenous/endemic to Sub-Himalayan regions? | ||
| Is the species indigenous/endemic to Western Ghats? | ||
| Is the species indigenous/endemic to Eastern Ghats? |
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Animal is not native or native status not filled in |
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Information from Encyclopedia of Life
{{#EoLOnlyEcology:328700|Reproduction~Lifespan, longevity, and ageing~Food Habits~Functional adaptation~Behavior}}
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| Parameter | Value(s) | References See complete references in the References section at the end |
|---|---|---|
| Life cycle | ||
| Life expectancy | ||
| Food habits and feeding strategies | ||
| Functional adaptations | ||
| Behavior | ||
| Pests and Diseases |
Information from Encyclopedia of Life 
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| Parameter | Value(s) | References See complete references in the References section at the end |
|---|---|---|
| IUCN Status | Vulnerable (See section External Links to find link to the page on IUCN website) |
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| Conservation sanctuaries in India | ||
| Details of threats to conservation of this species | ||
| Means of management of conservation, national and international laws |
| Parameter | Value(s) | References See complete references in the References section at the end |
|---|---|---|
| Does this species have any cultural significance? | ||
| Religions which mention/give significance to this species | ||
| Cultural and religious occasions when this species is used | ||
| Details of historical, cultural and mythological use |
Pubmed Word cloud
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{{#queryDB:taxonomy |Bos grunniens }}
- If there is an error message above, it means that there is no retrievable information available on NCBI
- If the number of nucleotide sequences is less than 100, very little genomic work has been done on this species. A respectable number of nucleotide sequences is above 500.
- Most of the nucleotide sequences may come from three sources:
- Studies on single genes, where people try to sequence genes such as some specific dehydrogenases important,say, for tannin production
- Sequences of Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer, whose sequence is used for generating molecular phylogenetic trees to establish species relationships
- Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) which can tell about which genes are present and expressed in the species at a particular time in the given tissue
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References
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